6-4 Tempera Painting Explained

Key Concepts of Tempera Painting

Tempera painting is an ancient technique that involves using pigments mixed with a water-soluble binder, typically egg yolk or another emulsifier. Key concepts include the preparation of the medium, the application process, and the unique characteristics of tempera paint.

Preparation of the Medium

The medium for tempera painting is prepared by mixing dry pigments with a binding agent, usually egg yolk. The egg yolk acts as an emulsifier, allowing the pigments to be suspended in water and applied to the surface. The consistency of the medium can be adjusted by adding more water or egg yolk to achieve the desired viscosity.

Example: To prepare a basic tempera medium, mix one part egg yolk with two parts water. Add a small amount of vinegar to preserve the egg yolk and prevent spoilage. Gradually mix in the dry pigments until a smooth, paint-like consistency is achieved.

Analogy: Think of preparing tempera medium as making a custard. Just as you mix eggs and milk to create a smooth custard, you mix egg yolk and water to create a smooth tempera medium.

Application Process

Tempera paint is applied in thin, transparent layers known as glazes. Each layer must be allowed to dry completely before applying the next. This process allows for precise control over the color and opacity of the final painting. The surface used for tempera painting is typically a rigid support, such as wood or a prepared canvas.

Example: In a portrait, an artist might start with a light underpainting in a neutral tone. Then, they would apply thin layers of colored tempera, building up the details and achieving the desired color depth. Each layer adds to the richness and complexity of the final image.

Analogy: The application process of tempera painting is like building a house, where each layer (or coat of paint) adds to the structure's stability and appearance. Just as a house is built layer by layer, a tempera painting is created layer by layer.

Unique Characteristics of Tempera Paint

Tempera paint has several unique characteristics that distinguish it from other painting mediums. It dries quickly, allowing for precise control over the application process. The colors remain vibrant and stable over time, making tempera paintings durable and long-lasting. However, tempera paint is less flexible than oil paint, which can lead to cracking if the support is not rigid enough.

Example: The vibrant colors of tempera paintings, such as those found in early Renaissance works, have remained remarkably intact over centuries. The quick-drying nature of tempera allows artists to work with fine details and precise lines, as seen in many religious icons and manuscript illuminations.

Analogy: Think of tempera paint as a high-quality, durable fabric. Just as a well-made fabric retains its color and texture over time, tempera paint retains its vibrancy and detail, even after many years.