CompTIA A+ Training: 2 Hardware Explained

1. Motherboard

The motherboard is the central hub of a computer system. It connects all the essential components such as the CPU, memory, storage devices, and peripherals. The motherboard provides the necessary pathways for these components to communicate with each other. Think of it as the nervous system of the human body, where all the nerves connect to the brain and other vital organs.

Key features of a motherboard include:

• Form Factor: Determines the size and layout of the motherboard. Common form factors include ATX, Micro-ATX, and Mini-ITX.
• CPU Socket: The physical connector where the CPU is installed. Different CPUs require different sockets, such as LGA for Intel and AM4 for AMD.
• Memory Slots: These slots are used to install RAM modules. The number of slots and the type of memory supported (e.g., DDR4) vary depending on the motherboard.
• Expansion Slots: These slots allow for the installation of additional hardware, such as graphics cards, sound cards, and network cards.

2. Power Supply Unit (PSU)

The Power Supply Unit (PSU) is responsible for converting the AC power from your wall outlet into DC power that your computer components can use. It ensures a stable and consistent power supply to prevent damage to your hardware. Imagine the PSU as the heart of the computer, pumping blood (power) to all the vital organs (components).

Key features of a PSU include:

• Wattage: The total power output of the PSU, measured in watts. A higher wattage PSU can support more powerful components.
• Efficiency Rating: Indicates how well the PSU converts AC to DC power. Higher efficiency ratings (e.g., 80 PLUS Gold) mean less energy is wasted as heat.
• Cables and Connectors: The types and number of cables and connectors determine what components the PSU can power. Modular PSUs allow you to connect only the cables you need, reducing clutter inside the case.
• Cooling: Most PSUs come with built-in fans to dissipate heat. The size and speed of the fan can affect noise levels and cooling efficiency.

Understanding these two key hardware components—the motherboard and the PSU—is crucial for building and maintaining a functional computer system. By grasping their roles and features, you can make informed decisions when selecting and upgrading hardware.