2.2 Network Topologies

Key Concepts

• Bus Topology
• Star Topology

Bus Topology

Bus Topology is a network configuration where all devices are connected to a single central cable, known as the bus or backbone. Data transmission occurs in both directions along the bus, and each device listens for its own address to receive data. This topology is simple and cost-effective but can suffer from performance issues due to collisions and limited scalability.

Example: Imagine a long train where each carriage (device) is connected to a single track (bus). When a message is sent, it travels along the track and each carriage checks if the message is addressed to it.

Star Topology

Star Topology is a network configuration where all devices are connected to a central hub or switch. Data transmission occurs through the central hub, which acts as a mediator. This topology is highly scalable and easier to manage, but it relies heavily on the central hub's reliability. If the hub fails, the entire network can be affected.

Example: Think of a spider web where all the strands (devices) are connected to the central spider (hub). When a message is sent, it goes to the spider first, which then forwards it to the intended recipient.