Designing for Accessibility
Key Concepts
- Perceivable
- Operable
- Understandable
- Robust
- Inclusive Design
Perceivable
Perceivable design ensures that all users can perceive the information presented, regardless of sensory abilities. This includes providing text alternatives for non-text content, captions for videos, and ensuring that content can be presented in different ways without losing meaning.
Example: Adding alt text to images so that screen readers can describe the images to visually impaired users.
Operable
Operable design ensures that users can navigate and interact with the interface using various input methods. This includes keyboard accessibility, ensuring that all interactive elements are reachable and operable without a mouse, and providing sufficient time for users to interact with content.
Example: Designing forms that can be navigated and completed using only the keyboard, without requiring a mouse.
Understandable
Understandable design ensures that information and the operation of the interface are clear and easy to understand. This includes using clear and simple language, consistent navigation, and providing instructions or help when needed.
Example: Using descriptive error messages that explain what went wrong and how to fix it, rather than generic error codes.
Robust
Robust design ensures that the interface can be interpreted by a wide variety of user agents, including assistive technologies. This includes following web standards and ensuring compatibility with different browsers and devices.
Example: Using semantic HTML to structure content, which helps screen readers and other assistive technologies interpret the page correctly.
Inclusive Design
Inclusive design considers the full range of human diversity with respect to ability, language, culture, gender, age, and other forms of human difference. This involves designing products and services that can be used by the widest possible audience.
Example: Designing a website that supports multiple languages and provides options for users with different reading levels, such as simplified text and audio versions of content.