6-2 Socialization Explained

Key Concepts

• Socialization
• Agents of Socialization
• Primary and Secondary Socialization
• Resocialization
• Role of Socialization in Identity Formation

Socialization

Socialization is the process by which individuals learn and adopt the behaviors, values, and norms of their society. It is essential for the transmission of culture and the development of individual identities.

Example: Imagine a child learning to speak a language, follow social etiquette, and understand cultural norms from family, peers, and media. This process shapes the child's behavior and identity.

Agents of Socialization

Agents of socialization are the sources through which individuals learn and internalize societal norms and values. These include family, school, peers, media, and religion.

Example: A teenager learns about gender roles and expectations from watching television shows, which influences their understanding of appropriate behavior for boys and girls.

Primary and Secondary Socialization

Primary socialization occurs during early childhood and is primarily influenced by family and immediate caregivers. Secondary socialization happens later in life and is influenced by schools, peers, and other social institutions.

Example: A young child learns basic social skills and language from parents (primary socialization), while a teenager learns about social norms and academic expectations from teachers and classmates (secondary socialization).

Resocialization

Resocialization is the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life. This often occurs in contexts such as joining the military, entering a religious order, or being released from prison.

Example: A person entering the military undergoes resocialization, where they must adopt new behaviors, values, and norms that are specific to military life, often discarding previous civilian habits.

Role of Socialization in Identity Formation

Socialization plays a crucial role in the formation of individual identity by shaping beliefs, values, and behaviors. It helps individuals understand their place in society and how to interact with others.

Example: A person's identity as a member of a particular cultural or ethnic group is shaped by socialization experiences that emphasize shared traditions, language, and customs.