Science for Grade 2
1 Introduction to Science
1-1 What is Science?
1-2 Importance of Science in Everyday Life
1-3 Basic Scientific Tools and Equipment
2 The Living World
2-1 Living and Non-Living Things
2-2 Characteristics of Living Things
2-3 Plants
2-3 1 Parts of a Plant
2-3 2 Functions of Plant Parts
2-3 3 Types of Plants
2-4 Animals
2-4 1 Types of Animals
2-4 2 Characteristics of Different Animals
2-4 3 Animal Habitats
3 The Human Body
3-1 Parts of the Human Body
3-2 Functions of Body Parts
3-3 Basic Needs of Humans
3-4 Health and Hygiene
4 The Earth and Beyond
4-1 The Earth
4-1 1 Earth’s Surface
4-1 2 Land and Water Forms
4-2 The Sky
4-2 1 Sun, Moon, and Stars
4-2 2 Day and Night
4-2 3 Weather and Seasons
5 Materials and Their Properties
5-1 Types of Materials
5-2 Properties of Materials
5-3 Changes in Materials
5-4 Recycling and Conservation
6 Forces and Motion
6-1 What is a Force?
6-2 Types of Forces
6-3 Motion
6-4 Simple Machines
7 Energy and Its Forms
7-1 What is Energy?
7-2 Types of Energy
7-3 Sources of Energy
7-4 Energy Conversion
8 Simple Experiments and Observations
8-1 Importance of Experiments
8-2 Basic Scientific Method
8-3 Simple Experiments to Observe Scientific Concepts
9 Safety in Science
9-1 Importance of Safety
9-2 Safety Rules in the Science Lab
9-3 Handling Equipment and Materials Safely
Types of Energy

Types of Energy

1. Mechanical Energy

Mechanical energy is the energy of movement or position. It includes both kinetic energy (energy of motion) and potential energy (stored energy). For example, a moving car has kinetic energy, while a stretched rubber band has potential energy.

Imagine mechanical energy as a bouncing ball. When the ball is at the top of its bounce, it has potential energy. As it falls and bounces, it converts that potential energy into kinetic energy.

2. Thermal Energy

Thermal energy is the energy of heat. It is the energy that comes from the movement of particles within an object. The faster the particles move, the more thermal energy the object has. For example, a hot cup of tea has more thermal energy than a cold glass of water.

Think of thermal energy as the warmth from the sun. Just as the sun's heat makes you feel warm, thermal energy makes objects hot.

3. Light Energy

Light energy is the energy that comes from light. It allows us to see and is produced by the sun, light bulbs, and other sources. Light energy travels in waves and can be absorbed or reflected by objects.

Imagine light energy as the glow from a flashlight. Just as the flashlight lights up a dark room, light energy helps us see in the dark.

4. Sound Energy

Sound energy is the energy that comes from sound waves. It is produced by vibrations and travels through mediums like air, water, or solids. For example, when you clap your hands, the sound you hear is sound energy.

Think of sound energy as the vibrations from a drum. Just as the drum makes sound when you hit it, sound energy is created by vibrations.

5. Electrical Energy

Electrical energy is the energy produced by the movement of electrons. It is used to power devices like lights, computers, and appliances. Electrical energy can be generated from sources like batteries, generators, and solar panels.

Imagine electrical energy as the flow of water in a river. Just as water flows to power a waterwheel, electrical energy flows to power our devices.

6. Chemical Energy

Chemical energy is the energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds. It is released during chemical reactions, such as when you burn wood or eat food. For example, the energy in a battery comes from chemical reactions.

Think of chemical energy as the energy stored in a battery. Just as a battery powers a toy, chemical energy powers our bodies and devices.

7. Nuclear Energy

Nuclear energy is the energy released during nuclear reactions, such as fission (splitting atoms) or fusion (combining atoms). It is a very powerful form of energy and is used to generate electricity in nuclear power plants.

Imagine nuclear energy as the power of the sun. Just as the sun generates energy through nuclear fusion, nuclear energy is a powerful source of energy on Earth.