4 Art Techniques for Grade 7

1. Chiaroscuro

Chiaroscuro is an art technique that uses strong contrasts between light and dark to give the illusion of volume and three-dimensionality. This technique was famously used by artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Caravaggio to create dramatic effects and emphasize form.

In practice, chiaroscuro involves using a light source to highlight certain areas of the subject while allowing other areas to fall into shadow. This creates a sense of depth and realism, making the subject appear more three-dimensional.

For example, in a portrait, the light source might be positioned above and to the side of the subject, casting shadows under the chin and along the sides of the face. This contrast between light and dark areas helps to define the contours of the face and create a lifelike appearance.

2. Sfumato

Sfumato is an art technique that involves the delicate blending of colors and tones to create a soft, gradual transition between light and dark areas. This technique was also used by Leonardo da Vinci to achieve a smoky, almost ethereal effect in his paintings.

In sfumato, there are no harsh lines or edges; instead, colors and tones blend seamlessly into one another. This creates a smooth, almost misty appearance that can add a sense of depth and realism to a piece.

For example, in a landscape painting, the transition between the sky and the horizon might be done using sfumato, with the colors gradually blending from light blue to dark blue without any distinct lines. This technique can make the landscape appear more natural and atmospheric.

3. Impasto

Impasto is an art technique that involves applying paint thickly to the canvas, creating a textured, three-dimensional effect. This technique can add a sense of movement and energy to a painting, as the thick layers of paint catch the light in different ways.

In impasto, the paint is applied with a palette knife or brush, leaving visible brushstrokes and creating a tactile surface. This technique is often used in landscapes and portraits to add texture and depth.

For example, in a painting of a rocky landscape, the artist might use impasto to create the texture of the rocks, with thick layers of paint that mimic the rough, uneven surface. This technique can make the rocks appear more realistic and tactile.

4. Pointillism

Pointillism is an art technique that involves applying small, distinct dots of color to create an image. This technique was developed by artists like Georges Seurat and Paul Signac, and it relies on the optical mixing of colors to create a cohesive image.

In pointillism, the dots of color are applied in a systematic way, with different colors placed next to each other to create the desired effect. When viewed from a distance, the dots blend together to form a complete image.

For example, in a pointillist landscape, the artist might use small dots of blue, green, and yellow to create the appearance of trees and grass. When viewed up close, the image is made up of individual dots, but from a distance, the colors blend together to create a realistic scene.