About Me
CompTIA PenTest+
1 Threats, Attacks, and Vulnerabilities
1-1 Common Threat Actors
1-2 Threat Intelligence Sources
1-3 Threat Actors and Motives
1-4 Threat Actor Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs)
1-5 Vulnerability Types
1-6 Exploit Types
1-7 Attack Types
1-8 Threat Detection and Monitoring
1-9 Threat Hunting
1-10 Incident Response
2 Architecture and Design
2-1 Security Controls
2-2 Network Architecture
2-3 Cloud and Virtualization
2-4 Web Application Security
2-5 Wireless Security
2-6 Mobile Security
2-7 IoT Security
2-8 Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security
2-9 Physical Security
2-10 Secure Software Development
3 Tools and Code
3-1 Penetration Testing Tools
3-2 Exploitation Tools
3-3 Post-Exploitation Tools
3-4 Reporting Tools
3-5 Scripting and Automation
3-6 Programming Languages
3-7 Code Analysis
3-8 Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) Tools
4 Planning and Scoping
4-1 Penetration Testing Methodologies
4-2 Legal and Compliance Considerations
4-3 Scope Definition
4-4 Risk Assessment
4-5 Threat Modeling
4-6 Information Gathering
4-7 Asset Identification
4-8 Data Classification
4-9 Business Impact Analysis
4-10 Penetration Testing Objectives
5 Information Gathering and Vulnerability Identification
5-1 Passive Reconnaissance
5-2 Active Reconnaissance
5-3 Vulnerability Scanning
5-4 Network Mapping
5-5 Service Identification
5-6 Web Application Scanning
5-7 Wireless Network Scanning
5-8 Social Engineering Techniques
5-9 OSINT Techniques
5-10 Vulnerability Databases
6 Attacks and Exploits
6-1 Exploit Development
6-2 Buffer Overflows
6-3 SQL Injection
6-4 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
6-5 Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
6-6 Command Injection
6-7 Privilege Escalation
6-8 Lateral Movement
6-9 Evasion Techniques
6-10 Exploit Delivery Methods
7 Penetration Testing Process
7-1 Pre-Engagement Activities
7-2 Reconnaissance
7-3 Scanning and Enumeration
7-4 Exploitation
7-5 Post-Exploitation
7-6 Reporting
7-7 Remediation
7-8 Retesting
7-9 Documentation and Evidence Collection
7-10 Communication and Coordination
8 Reporting and Communication
8-1 Report Structure
8-2 Executive Summary
8-3 Technical Findings
8-4 Risk Assessment
8-5 Remediation Recommendations
8-6 Legal and Compliance Considerations
8-7 Presentation Skills
8-8 Communication with Stakeholders
8-9 Documentation Standards
8-10 Continuous Improvement
9 Security and Compliance
9-1 Regulatory Requirements
9-2 Industry Standards
9-3 Compliance Audits
9-4 Data Protection
9-5 Privacy Laws
9-6 Incident Response Planning
9-7 Disaster Recovery Planning
9-8 Business Continuity Planning
9-9 Risk Management
9-10 Security Awareness Training
1.5 Vulnerability Types

1.5 Vulnerability Types

1. Software Vulnerabilities

Software vulnerabilities arise from flaws in the programming code. These flaws can be exploited by attackers to gain unauthorized access or cause disruptions. Common types include buffer overflows, SQL injection, and cross-site scripting (XSS).

Example: A web application that does not properly validate user input can be exploited through SQL injection, allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary SQL commands and potentially access sensitive data.

2. Hardware Vulnerabilities

Hardware vulnerabilities involve weaknesses in physical components. These can be exploited to compromise the integrity, availability, or confidentiality of data. Examples include side-channel attacks and hardware backdoors.

Example: A side-channel attack like a power analysis can reveal cryptographic keys by measuring the power consumption of a device during encryption operations.

3. Configuration Vulnerabilities

Configuration vulnerabilities occur due to improper setup or misconfigurations of systems. These can expose systems to unnecessary risks. Common issues include default settings, open ports, and weak authentication mechanisms.

Example: A network device with default administrative credentials can be easily compromised by an attacker who knows the default username and password.

4. Human Vulnerabilities

Human vulnerabilities involve weaknesses in human behavior that can be exploited by attackers. These include social engineering, phishing, and poor password practices.

Example: An employee who clicks on a phishing email and enters their credentials on a fake login page can inadvertently provide an attacker with access to the company's network.

5. Environmental Vulnerabilities

Environmental vulnerabilities relate to the physical surroundings of a system. These can include natural disasters, power outages, and physical access to equipment.

Example: A data center located in an area prone to flooding can suffer data loss or system downtime if it is not adequately protected against such environmental risks.

© 2024 Ahmed Baheeg Khorshid. All rights reserved.