About Me
CompTIA PenTest+
1 Threats, Attacks, and Vulnerabilities
1-1 Common Threat Actors
1-2 Threat Intelligence Sources
1-3 Threat Actors and Motives
1-4 Threat Actor Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs)
1-5 Vulnerability Types
1-6 Exploit Types
1-7 Attack Types
1-8 Threat Detection and Monitoring
1-9 Threat Hunting
1-10 Incident Response
2 Architecture and Design
2-1 Security Controls
2-2 Network Architecture
2-3 Cloud and Virtualization
2-4 Web Application Security
2-5 Wireless Security
2-6 Mobile Security
2-7 IoT Security
2-8 Industrial Control Systems (ICS) Security
2-9 Physical Security
2-10 Secure Software Development
3 Tools and Code
3-1 Penetration Testing Tools
3-2 Exploitation Tools
3-3 Post-Exploitation Tools
3-4 Reporting Tools
3-5 Scripting and Automation
3-6 Programming Languages
3-7 Code Analysis
3-8 Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) Tools
4 Planning and Scoping
4-1 Penetration Testing Methodologies
4-2 Legal and Compliance Considerations
4-3 Scope Definition
4-4 Risk Assessment
4-5 Threat Modeling
4-6 Information Gathering
4-7 Asset Identification
4-8 Data Classification
4-9 Business Impact Analysis
4-10 Penetration Testing Objectives
5 Information Gathering and Vulnerability Identification
5-1 Passive Reconnaissance
5-2 Active Reconnaissance
5-3 Vulnerability Scanning
5-4 Network Mapping
5-5 Service Identification
5-6 Web Application Scanning
5-7 Wireless Network Scanning
5-8 Social Engineering Techniques
5-9 OSINT Techniques
5-10 Vulnerability Databases
6 Attacks and Exploits
6-1 Exploit Development
6-2 Buffer Overflows
6-3 SQL Injection
6-4 Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
6-5 Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
6-6 Command Injection
6-7 Privilege Escalation
6-8 Lateral Movement
6-9 Evasion Techniques
6-10 Exploit Delivery Methods
7 Penetration Testing Process
7-1 Pre-Engagement Activities
7-2 Reconnaissance
7-3 Scanning and Enumeration
7-4 Exploitation
7-5 Post-Exploitation
7-6 Reporting
7-7 Remediation
7-8 Retesting
7-9 Documentation and Evidence Collection
7-10 Communication and Coordination
8 Reporting and Communication
8-1 Report Structure
8-2 Executive Summary
8-3 Technical Findings
8-4 Risk Assessment
8-5 Remediation Recommendations
8-6 Legal and Compliance Considerations
8-7 Presentation Skills
8-8 Communication with Stakeholders
8-9 Documentation Standards
8-10 Continuous Improvement
9 Security and Compliance
9-1 Regulatory Requirements
9-2 Industry Standards
9-3 Compliance Audits
9-4 Data Protection
9-5 Privacy Laws
9-6 Incident Response Planning
9-7 Disaster Recovery Planning
9-8 Business Continuity Planning
9-9 Risk Management
9-10 Security Awareness Training
6.3 SQL Injection Explained

6.3 SQL Injection Explained

Key Concepts

1. SQL Injection

SQL Injection is a code injection technique that attackers use to manipulate or compromise the database queries of a web application. By injecting malicious SQL statements, attackers can execute unauthorized queries, retrieve sensitive data, or even take control of the database server.

2. In-Band SQL Injection

In-Band SQL Injection occurs when the attacker can use the same communication channel to both launch the attack and gather results. This includes techniques like Error-Based SQL Injection and Union-Based SQL Injection.

3. Error-Based SQL Injection

Error-Based SQL Injection leverages error messages generated by the database server to extract information about the database structure. These error messages can reveal sensitive details that help the attacker craft more effective attacks.

4. Union-Based SQL Injection

Union-Based SQL Injection uses the SQL UNION operator to combine the results of two or more SELECT statements into a single result set. This technique allows the attacker to retrieve data from different tables within the same query.

5. Blind SQL Injection

Blind SQL Injection occurs when the application does not return detailed error messages or the results of the injected query. The attacker must infer the presence of vulnerabilities and extract data through indirect means, such as observing application behavior or using time-based techniques.

6. Time-Based Blind SQL Injection

Time-Based Blind SQL Injection involves injecting SQL code that causes the database to delay its response. By measuring these delays, the attacker can infer information about the database structure and content.

Explanation of Concepts

SQL Injection

SQL Injection attacks exploit vulnerabilities in the input validation of web applications. For example, if a login form does not properly sanitize user input, an attacker could enter SQL code instead of a username and password, potentially bypassing authentication.

In-Band SQL Injection

In-Band SQL Injection allows the attacker to see the results of their injected queries directly on the web page. For instance, an attacker might inject a query that causes the application to display the contents of a database table, revealing sensitive information.

Error-Based SQL Injection

Error-Based SQL Injection relies on detailed error messages to gather information. For example, if an application returns a SQL error message that includes the table name, the attacker can use this information to craft more precise queries.

Union-Based SQL Injection

Union-Based SQL Injection uses the UNION operator to combine results. For example, an attacker might inject a query that combines the results of a user table with a password table, allowing them to retrieve both sets of data in a single request.

Blind SQL Injection

Blind SQL Injection requires the attacker to infer information without direct feedback. For example, an attacker might inject a query that causes the application to behave differently based on the presence of a specific value in the database.

Time-Based Blind SQL Injection

Time-Based Blind SQL Injection uses delays to infer information. For example, an attacker might inject a query that causes the database to sleep for a certain amount of time, allowing the attacker to determine the length of the delay and infer the presence of specific data.

Examples and Analogies

SQL Injection

Consider a door with a lock that can be bypassed by inserting a key made of paper. Just as the paper key can unlock the door, SQL Injection allows an attacker to bypass security measures by inserting malicious code.

In-Band SQL Injection

Think of In-Band SQL Injection as a conversation where the attacker asks a question and gets an immediate answer. The attacker can see the results of their query directly, much like a conversation where responses are immediate.

Error-Based SQL Injection

Imagine Error-Based SQL Injection as a puzzle where the pieces are revealed through mistakes. Each error message provides a clue, helping the attacker piece together the puzzle of the database structure.

Union-Based SQL Injection

Consider Union-Based SQL Injection as combining two separate lists into one. The attacker merges the results of different queries, much like combining two shopping lists into one comprehensive list.

Blind SQL Injection

Think of Blind SQL Injection as playing a game of 20 questions. The attacker asks questions and observes the application's behavior to infer answers, much like guessing an object by asking yes/no questions.

Time-Based Blind SQL Injection

Imagine Time-Based Blind SQL Injection as a timed race. The attacker injects code that causes a delay, and by measuring the time taken, they can infer information, much like determining the length of a race by timing it.

© 2024 Ahmed Baheeg Khorshid. All rights reserved.