Understanding 3 Theory

Key Concepts

3 Theory in music refers to the study of intervals, specifically the interval of a third. This concept is fundamental in understanding chord construction, harmonic progressions, and melodic intervals. Key concepts include:

1. Major Third

A major third is an interval spanning four semitones. It is a consonant interval that forms the basis of major chords. For example, in the key of C major, the interval between C and E is a major third.

2. Minor Third

A minor third is an interval spanning three semitones. It is also a consonant interval and forms the basis of minor chords. For example, in the key of A minor, the interval between A and C is a minor third.

3. Harmonic Function

The harmonic function of thirds is crucial in understanding chord progressions. Major and minor thirds create different harmonic tensions and resolutions. Major thirds often resolve to a sense of stability, while minor thirds can create a more poignant or dramatic effect.

Explanation and Examples

Major Third

In the key of C major, the major third interval between C and E is found in the C major chord (C-E-G). This interval provides a bright and stable sound, characteristic of major chords.

Minor Third

In the key of A minor, the minor third interval between A and C is found in the A minor chord (A-C-E). This interval provides a darker and more somber sound, characteristic of minor chords.

Harmonic Function

Consider the progression I-IV-V-I in the key of C major. The I chord (C major) uses a major third (C-E), creating a stable tonic. The IV chord (F major) also uses a major third (F-A), providing a subdominant function. The V chord (G major) uses a major third (G-B), creating a dominant function that resolves back to the I chord.

Examples and Analogies

Major Third

Think of a major third as the bright, sunny sky on a clear day. It provides a sense of openness and clarity, much like the sound of a major third in music.

Minor Third

Think of a minor third as the soft, gentle rain on a cloudy day. It provides a sense of introspection and subtlety, much like the sound of a minor third in music.

Harmonic Function

Consider the harmonic function as a journey. Major thirds provide the path and direction, leading to a sense of resolution and completion. Minor thirds add depth and emotion to the journey, making the experience richer and more meaningful.

Practical Application

To improve your understanding of 3 Theory, practice identifying major and minor thirds in different pieces of music. Use a piano or keyboard to play these intervals and listen to their relationships. Over time, you will develop a deeper understanding of how thirds function within a key, enhancing your overall musical comprehension.