Understanding Texture in Art

What is Texture?

Texture refers to the surface quality of an object, whether it is smooth, rough, soft, or hard. It can be real, where the texture is physically present, or implied, where the texture is suggested by the use of lines or shading.

Real Texture

Real texture is the actual tactile quality of an object. When you can touch an artwork and feel the roughness of a canvas or the smoothness of a polished stone, you are experiencing real texture. For example, a sculpture made of marble will have a different real texture than one made of wood.

Implied Texture

Implied texture is the illusion of texture created through visual means. Artists use various techniques such as brushstrokes, shading, and color to suggest the texture of an object without it being physically present. For instance, a painting of a sandy beach might use rough brushstrokes to suggest the texture of the sand, even though the surface of the painting itself is smooth.

Examples of Texture in Art

Leonardo da Vinci's "Mona Lisa"

In "Mona Lisa," Leonardo da Vinci uses subtle shading and delicate brushstrokes to create the illusion of smooth, soft skin. The texture is implied, making the viewer feel as though they could reach out and touch the subject's face.

Vincent van Gogh's "Starry Night"

Van Gogh's "Starry Night" employs thick, swirling brushstrokes to create a textured surface. The texture is both real, as the painting itself has a rough, tactile quality, and implied, as the brushstrokes suggest the movement and energy of the night sky.

Andy Goldsworthy's Environmental Art

In his environmental sculptures, Andy Goldsworthy often uses natural materials like leaves, stones, and twigs. The real texture of these materials is integral to the artwork, providing a tactile experience that complements the visual impact.

Why Texture Matters

Texture adds depth and realism to art, making it more engaging and immersive. It can evoke emotions and provide context, helping viewers to better understand and connect with the artwork. For example, the rough texture of a tree bark in a painting can make the scene feel more natural and alive.