2.6 Value in Art

Definition of Value

Value refers to the lightness or darkness of a color. It is a crucial element in creating the illusion of depth and form. Value can range from pure white to pure black, with various shades of gray in between.

Key Concepts of Value

Understanding value involves grasping several key concepts:

• High Value: High value colors are light and close to white. They are often used to depict highlights or areas that receive direct light.
• Low Value: Low value colors are dark and close to black. They are used to depict shadows or areas that are in darkness.
• Mid Value: Mid value colors are in between high and low values. They are used to depict areas that are neither in direct light nor in shadow.

Importance of Value in Art

Value is essential for creating a sense of depth and volume in a two-dimensional artwork. By varying the value of colors, artists can create the illusion of three-dimensional forms. For example, in a portrait, the artist might use high value to depict the areas of the face that catch the most light, and low value to depict the shadows under the eyes and nose.

Examples of Value in Art

Consider the following examples to understand the use of value in art:

• Leonardo da Vinci's "Mona Lisa": The subtle variations in value across the "Mona Lisa's" face create a sense of depth and realism. The high value areas around her eyes and lips highlight her features, while the low value areas in the shadows of her cheeks and neck add dimension.
• Vincent van Gogh's "Starry Night": The contrast between the high value stars and the low value night sky creates a dramatic effect. The swirling clouds and mountains are depicted with varying mid values, adding to the sense of movement and depth.
• Edward Hopper's "Nighthawks": The use of value to depict light and shadow is crucial in this painting. The high value areas inside the diner contrast with the low value exterior, creating a sense of isolation and focus on the diner's occupants.