Science for Grade 10
1 Introduction to Science
1-1 Understanding the Nature of Science
1-2 Scientific Method
1-3 Importance of Science in Daily Life
2 Motion and Its Applications
2-1 Types of Motion
2-2 Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration
2-3 Newton's Laws of Motion
2-4 Force and Its Effects
3 Heat and Thermodynamics
3-1 Temperature and Its Measurement
3-2 Heat Transfer Mechanisms
3-3 Laws of Thermodynamics
3-4 Applications of Heat in Daily Life
4 Light and Optics
4-1 Properties of Light
4-2 Reflection and Refraction
4-3 Lenses and Mirrors
4-4 Optical Instruments
5 Sound and Its Applications
5-1 Nature of Sound
5-2 Sound Waves and Their Properties
5-3 Reflection and Absorption of Sound
5-4 Applications of Sound in Daily Life
6 Electricity and Magnetism
6-1 Electric Charge and Current
6-2 Ohm's Law and Resistance
6-3 Magnetic Fields and Forces
6-4 Electromagnetic Induction
7 Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry
7-1 Types of Chemical Reactions
7-2 Balancing Chemical Equations
7-3 Stoichiometry and Chemical Calculations
7-4 Applications of Chemical Reactions
8 Acids, Bases, and Salts
8-1 Properties of Acids and Bases
8-2 pH Scale and Its Measurement
8-3 Neutralization Reactions
8-4 Common Acids, Bases, and Salts
9 Metals and Non-Metals
9-1 Properties of Metals and Non-Metals
9-2 Extraction of Metals
9-3 Uses of Metals and Non-Metals
9-4 Corrosion and Its Prevention
10 Environmental Science
10-1 Pollution and Its Types
10-2 Conservation of Natural Resources
10-3 Sustainable Development
10-4 Role of Science in Environmental Protection
11 Space Science
11-1 Solar System and Its Components
11-2 Stars and Galaxies
11-3 Space Exploration
11-4 Applications of Space Science
12 Health and Medicine
12-1 Human Body Systems
12-2 Diseases and Their Causes
12-3 Prevention and Treatment of Diseases
12-4 Role of Science in Medicine
13 Biotechnology and Its Applications
13-1 Basics of Biotechnology
13-2 Genetic Engineering
13-3 Applications in Agriculture and Medicine
13-4 Ethical Considerations in Biotechnology
14 Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
14-1 Basics of Computers and Networks
14-2 Digital Communication
14-3 Applications of ICT in Science
14-4 Ethical and Security Issues in ICT
15 Practical Skills in Science
15-1 Laboratory Safety
15-2 Conducting Experiments
15-3 Data Collection and Analysis
15-4 Reporting Scientific Findings
Newton's Laws of Motion

Newton's Laws of Motion

Newton's Second Law of Motion

Newton's Second Law states that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. Mathematically, it is expressed as: F = ma, where F is the force, m is the mass, and a is the acceleration.

Example: Imagine pushing a shopping cart. If you push it lightly, it accelerates slowly. If you push it harder, it accelerates faster. This is because the force you apply is directly affecting the cart's acceleration.

Newton's Third Law of Motion

Newton's Third Law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that if one object exerts a force on another, the second object exerts a force of the same magnitude but in the opposite direction on the first object.

Example: When you walk, your foot pushes against the ground, and the ground pushes back with an equal and opposite force. This reaction force propels you forward. Similarly, a rocket's thrust is a result of the exhaust gases pushing against the atmosphere, which in turn pushes the rocket forward.