Science for Grade 4
1 Introduction to Science
1-1 Understanding the Nature of Science
1-2 Importance of Observation and Experimentation
1-3 Scientific Tools and Their Uses
2 Matter and Materials
2-1 Properties of Matter
2-1 1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
2-1 2 Physical and Chemical Changes
2-2 States of Matter
2-2 1 Characteristics of Solids, Liquids, and Gases
2-2 2 Changes of State (Melting, Freezing, Boiling, Condensation)
2-3 Mixtures and Solutions
2-3 1 Types of Mixtures (Homogeneous and Heterogeneous)
2-3 2 Solubility and Factors Affecting Solubility
3 Force and Motion
3-1 Understanding Force
3-1 1 Types of Forces (Push, Pull, Friction, Gravity)
3-1 2 Effects of Force on Objects
3-2 Motion and Speed
3-2 1 Types of Motion (Linear, Circular, Oscillatory)
3-2 2 Measuring Speed and Distance
3-3 Balanced and Unbalanced Forces
3-3 1 Concept of Equilibrium
3-3 2 Newton's First Law of Motion
4 Energy
4-1 Forms of Energy
4-1 1 Mechanical, Thermal, Light, Sound, Electrical, and Chemical Energy
4-1 2 Transformation of Energy
4-2 Sources of Energy
4-2 1 Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Sources
4-2 2 Conservation of Energy
5 Earth and Space
5-1 Earth's Structure
5-1 1 Layers of the Earth (Crust, Mantle, Core)
5-1 2 Earth's Surface Features (Mountains, Valleys, Plains)
5-2 Weather and Climate
5-2 1 Weather Patterns and Instruments
5-2 2 Factors Affecting Climate
5-3 Solar System
5-3 1 Planets and Their Characteristics
5-3 2 Moon and Its Phases
6 Living Organisms and Ecosystems
6-1 Classification of Living Organisms
6-1 1 Kingdoms of Life (Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Protista, Monera)
6-1 2 Basic Needs of Living Organisms
6-2 Ecosystems
6-2 1 Components of an Ecosystem (Producers, Consumers, Decomposers)
6-2 2 Food Chains and Food Webs
6-3 Adaptations and Habitats
6-3 1 Adaptations for Survival
6-3 2 Types of Habitats (Forests, Deserts, Oceans, Grasslands)
7 Health and Nutrition
7-1 Human Body Systems
7-1 1 Digestive, Respiratory, Circulatory, and Nervous Systems
7-1 2 Functions of Body Systems
7-2 Nutrition and Diet
7-2 1 Nutrients and Their Functions
7-2 2 Balanced Diet and Healthy Eating Habits
7-3 Personal Hygiene
7-3 1 Importance of Cleanliness
7-3 2 Preventing Diseases
8 Environmental Science
8-1 Importance of Biodiversity
8-1 1 Types of Biodiversity (Genetic, Species, Ecosystem)
8-1 2 Threats to Biodiversity
8-2 Pollution and Its Effects
8-2 1 Types of Pollution (Air, Water, Soil)
8-2 2 Ways to Reduce Pollution
8-3 Conservation of Natural Resources
8-3 1 Sustainable Use of Resources
8-3 2 Role of Individuals in Conservation
Sources of Energy

Sources of Energy

Energy is the ability to do work. It comes from different sources, and understanding these sources helps us use energy wisely. Let's explore four main sources of energy: Solar Energy, Wind Energy, Hydro Energy, and Biomass Energy.

Solar Energy

Solar energy is energy from the sun. The sun's light and heat can be converted into electricity or used to heat water. Solar panels are devices that capture sunlight and convert it into electricity.

Example: Solar panels on rooftops can provide electricity for homes. When the sun shines, the panels generate power, which can be used to light up rooms, run appliances, and charge devices.

Wind Energy

Wind energy is energy from moving air. Wind turbines are machines that capture the wind's kinetic energy and convert it into electricity. The blades of the turbine spin when the wind blows, generating power.

Example: Wind farms are areas with many wind turbines. When the wind blows, the turbines spin and produce electricity, which can be sent to homes and businesses through power lines.

Hydro Energy

Hydro energy is energy from flowing water. Hydroelectric dams are structures that use the flow of water to turn turbines, which generate electricity. The force of the water moving through the dam creates energy.

Example: A hydroelectric dam on a river can produce a lot of electricity. When the water flows through the dam, it turns the turbines, which generate power for nearby communities.

Biomass Energy

Biomass energy is energy from organic materials like plants and animal waste. These materials can be burned to produce heat or converted into biogas, which can be used for cooking and heating.

Example: Wood from trees can be burned in a stove to heat a home. Similarly, animal waste can be converted into biogas, which can be used in a kitchen for cooking.

Understanding these sources of energy helps us appreciate the natural resources around us and use them responsibly. Whether it's harnessing the power of the sun, wind, water, or organic materials, each source plays a vital role in providing energy for our daily needs.