Science for Grade 4
1 Introduction to Science
1-1 Understanding the Nature of Science
1-2 Importance of Observation and Experimentation
1-3 Scientific Tools and Their Uses
2 Matter and Materials
2-1 Properties of Matter
2-1 1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
2-1 2 Physical and Chemical Changes
2-2 States of Matter
2-2 1 Characteristics of Solids, Liquids, and Gases
2-2 2 Changes of State (Melting, Freezing, Boiling, Condensation)
2-3 Mixtures and Solutions
2-3 1 Types of Mixtures (Homogeneous and Heterogeneous)
2-3 2 Solubility and Factors Affecting Solubility
3 Force and Motion
3-1 Understanding Force
3-1 1 Types of Forces (Push, Pull, Friction, Gravity)
3-1 2 Effects of Force on Objects
3-2 Motion and Speed
3-2 1 Types of Motion (Linear, Circular, Oscillatory)
3-2 2 Measuring Speed and Distance
3-3 Balanced and Unbalanced Forces
3-3 1 Concept of Equilibrium
3-3 2 Newton's First Law of Motion
4 Energy
4-1 Forms of Energy
4-1 1 Mechanical, Thermal, Light, Sound, Electrical, and Chemical Energy
4-1 2 Transformation of Energy
4-2 Sources of Energy
4-2 1 Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Sources
4-2 2 Conservation of Energy
5 Earth and Space
5-1 Earth's Structure
5-1 1 Layers of the Earth (Crust, Mantle, Core)
5-1 2 Earth's Surface Features (Mountains, Valleys, Plains)
5-2 Weather and Climate
5-2 1 Weather Patterns and Instruments
5-2 2 Factors Affecting Climate
5-3 Solar System
5-3 1 Planets and Their Characteristics
5-3 2 Moon and Its Phases
6 Living Organisms and Ecosystems
6-1 Classification of Living Organisms
6-1 1 Kingdoms of Life (Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Protista, Monera)
6-1 2 Basic Needs of Living Organisms
6-2 Ecosystems
6-2 1 Components of an Ecosystem (Producers, Consumers, Decomposers)
6-2 2 Food Chains and Food Webs
6-3 Adaptations and Habitats
6-3 1 Adaptations for Survival
6-3 2 Types of Habitats (Forests, Deserts, Oceans, Grasslands)
7 Health and Nutrition
7-1 Human Body Systems
7-1 1 Digestive, Respiratory, Circulatory, and Nervous Systems
7-1 2 Functions of Body Systems
7-2 Nutrition and Diet
7-2 1 Nutrients and Their Functions
7-2 2 Balanced Diet and Healthy Eating Habits
7-3 Personal Hygiene
7-3 1 Importance of Cleanliness
7-3 2 Preventing Diseases
8 Environmental Science
8-1 Importance of Biodiversity
8-1 1 Types of Biodiversity (Genetic, Species, Ecosystem)
8-1 2 Threats to Biodiversity
8-2 Pollution and Its Effects
8-2 1 Types of Pollution (Air, Water, Soil)
8-2 2 Ways to Reduce Pollution
8-3 Conservation of Natural Resources
8-3 1 Sustainable Use of Resources
8-3 2 Role of Individuals in Conservation
7-3 Personal Hygiene Explained

7-3 Personal Hygiene Explained

Key Concepts

Personal hygiene is the practice of keeping oneself clean and maintaining good health. It involves various daily routines that help prevent the spread of germs and diseases.

1. Handwashing

Handwashing is one of the most effective ways to prevent the spread of germs. It involves using soap and water to clean hands thoroughly, especially before eating and after using the bathroom.

Example: Washing hands for at least 20 seconds with soap and water can remove germs and prevent illnesses like colds and flu.

Analogy: Think of handwashing as a superhero that fights off germs. Just as a superhero protects the city, handwashing protects your body from harmful germs.

2. Brushing Teeth

Brushing teeth regularly helps prevent tooth decay and gum disease. It involves using a toothbrush and toothpaste to clean all surfaces of the teeth and the tongue.

Example: Brushing teeth twice a day, in the morning and before bed, helps keep teeth healthy and prevents bad breath.

Analogy: Imagine brushing teeth as a daily cleaning routine for your smile. Just as you clean your room to keep it tidy, you clean your teeth to keep your smile bright.

3. Bathing

Bathing involves washing the body with soap and water to remove dirt, sweat, and germs. It helps keep the skin clean and healthy.

Example: Taking a bath or shower daily helps remove sweat and dirt, keeping the skin clean and preventing skin infections.

Analogy: Think of bathing as a refreshing break. Just as you take breaks to recharge, bathing helps your body feel refreshed and clean.

4. Hair Care

Hair care involves washing and brushing hair regularly to keep it clean and free from tangles. It also includes trimming hair to prevent split ends and maintain a healthy appearance.

Example: Washing hair with shampoo and conditioner helps remove dirt and oils, keeping hair shiny and healthy.

Analogy: Imagine hair care as a grooming routine for your hair. Just as you groom your pet to keep it clean, you groom your hair to keep it healthy and shiny.

5. Nail Care

Nail care involves keeping nails clean and trimmed to prevent the buildup of dirt and bacteria. It also helps prevent injuries and infections.

Example: Trimming nails regularly and washing hands thoroughly helps keep nails clean and prevents the spread of germs.

Analogy: Think of nail care as a maintenance routine for your nails. Just as you maintain your bike to keep it running smoothly, you maintain your nails to keep them clean and healthy.

6. Clothing and Bedding

Keeping clothing and bedding clean helps prevent the spread of germs and keeps the body comfortable. It involves washing clothes and bedding regularly with soap and water.

Example: Washing clothes and bedding at least once a week helps remove dirt and germs, keeping them fresh and clean.

Analogy: Imagine clothing and bedding as protective layers. Just as you change your bedsheets to keep your bed fresh, you change your clothes to keep your body clean and comfortable.

7. Personal Space

Maintaining personal space involves keeping your living and working areas clean and organized. It helps prevent the buildup of germs and promotes a healthy environment.

Example: Regularly cleaning and organizing your room helps prevent the spread of germs and keeps the space tidy.

Analogy: Think of personal space as your own little world. Just as you keep your room clean to feel comfortable, you keep your personal space clean to stay healthy.

Understanding these personal hygiene practices helps us maintain good health and prevent the spread of diseases. Whether it's handwashing, brushing teeth, or keeping our personal space clean, each practice plays a crucial role in our overall well-being.