6-2 Socialization Explained

Key Concepts

• Socialization
• Agents of Socialization
• Primary and Secondary Socialization
• Resocialization
• Role of Socialization in Society

Socialization

Socialization is the process by which individuals learn and internalize the norms, values, and behaviors that are expected of them by society. It is a lifelong process that begins at birth and continues throughout life. Socialization is crucial for the transmission of culture and the maintenance of social order.

Agents of Socialization

Agents of socialization are the sources through which individuals learn societal norms and values. These include:

• Family: The primary agent of socialization, where individuals learn basic values, norms, and roles.
• School: A formal setting where individuals learn academic knowledge and social skills.
• Peers: Friends and classmates who influence attitudes, behaviors, and values.
• Media: Television, movies, music, and the internet that shape perceptions and behaviors.
• Religion: Religious institutions that provide moral guidelines and social norms.

Primary and Secondary Socialization

Primary socialization occurs during early childhood, primarily through family and caregivers. It lays the foundation for future socialization. Secondary socialization occurs later in life, through schools, peers, and other social institutions. It refines and expands upon the initial socialization.

Resocialization

Resocialization is the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life. This can occur in contexts such as entering the military, joining a religious order, or being released from prison. Resocialization often involves a significant change in identity and behavior.

Role of Socialization in Society

Socialization plays a vital role in society by:

• Transmitting Culture: Ensuring that cultural norms, values, and traditions are passed from one generation to the next.
• Creating Social Order: Instilling a sense of order and predictability in social interactions.
• Developing Identity: Helping individuals develop a sense of self and belonging within society.
• Facilitating Social Integration: Integrating individuals into various social groups and institutions.

Examples and Analogies

Think of socialization as learning the rules of a game. Just as you need to understand the rules to play a game, you need to understand societal norms and values to function in society. Agents of socialization are like coaches who teach you these rules. Primary socialization is like learning the basic rules in childhood, while secondary socialization is like learning advanced strategies as you grow older. Resocialization is like switching to a completely different game with new rules.