9-1-2 Data Collection Explained

Key Concepts

• Data Collection
• Primary Data
• Secondary Data
• Sampling Methods
• Data Quality

Data Collection

Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes.

Primary Data

Primary data is information collected directly from its source through surveys, interviews, experiments, or observations. It is original and specific to the researcher's study.

Example: Conducting a survey among students to find out their favorite extracurricular activities.

Analogy: Primary data is like freshly picked apples from an orchard, providing the most current and relevant information.

Secondary Data

Secondary data is information that has been previously collected by others for different purposes. It can be found in books, journals, government reports, and online databases.

Example: Using census data to analyze population trends in a specific region.

Analogy: Secondary data is like using apples that have already been picked and stored in a warehouse, which can still be useful but may not be as fresh or specific.

Sampling Methods

Sampling methods are techniques used to select a representative subset of individuals from a population to collect data. Common methods include random sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling.

Example: Randomly selecting 100 students from a school of 1,000 to participate in a survey.

Analogy: Sampling methods are like choosing a few apples from different parts of the orchard to get a good idea of the overall quality of the harvest.

Data Quality

Data quality refers to the accuracy, completeness, reliability, and relevance of the collected data. High-quality data is essential for making informed decisions and drawing valid conclusions.

Example: Ensuring that all survey questions are clear and unbiased to obtain accurate responses.

Analogy: Data quality is like ensuring that the apples chosen are free from blemishes and taste good, indicating a healthy and well-maintained orchard.