3-1-4 20th-21st Century Explained

Key Concepts

The 3-1-4 20th-21st Century refers to specific musical intervals and their significance in contemporary music. These intervals are crucial for understanding and composing modern music, which often incorporates complex harmonic structures and innovative techniques.

1. Major Third (3)

A major third is an interval spanning four half steps. It is a foundational interval in both classical and contemporary music, often used in major chords and melodies. In the 20th and 21st centuries, composers have explored the major third in various contexts, including jazz, rock, and electronic music.

Example: In jazz, the major third is frequently used in chord progressions and improvisation. For instance, the chord Cmaj7 (C-E-G-B) prominently features the major third (E) from the root note (C).

2. Minor Second (1)

A minor second is an interval spanning one half step. It is often associated with tension and dissonance, making it a key element in contemporary music. Composers have used the minor second to create dramatic effects and to challenge traditional harmonic structures.

Example: In atonal music, such as that of Arnold Schoenberg, the minor second is used to create a sense of instability and unpredictability. The interval between B and C is a minor second, and its use can disrupt conventional harmonic expectations.

3. Perfect Fourth (4)

A perfect fourth is an interval spanning five half steps. It is a consonant interval that has been used extensively in both classical and modern music. In the 20th and 21st centuries, the perfect fourth has been explored in various genres, including minimalism and world music.

Example: In minimalism, composers like Philip Glass use the perfect fourth to create repetitive, hypnotic patterns. The interval between C and F is a perfect fourth, and its consistent use can create a meditative quality in the music.

Analogies

Think of the major third as a bright, warm color in a painting, adding vibrancy and harmony. The minor second, on the other hand, is like a sharp contrast, creating tension and intrigue. The perfect fourth is akin to a steady, rhythmic pulse that provides a grounding element in the composition.

Another analogy is cooking: the major third is like a sweet ingredient that enhances the overall flavor, the minor second is a spicy element that adds excitement, and the perfect fourth is a consistent base that ties everything together.

By understanding and utilizing these intervals, you can create a rich and diverse musical palette that reflects the innovative spirit of 20th and 21st-century music.