Project Management Knowledge Areas
1. Integration Management
Integration Management involves the processes required to ensure that the various elements of the project are properly coordinated. This includes developing the project charter, creating the project management plan, directing and managing project execution, and monitoring and controlling project work.
Example: Imagine a construction project where Integration Management ensures that the architectural plans, engineering specifications, and construction schedules are all aligned. Any changes in one area are communicated and adjusted across all related areas to maintain project coherence.
2. Scope Management
Scope Management focuses on defining and controlling what is included and what is not included in the project. Key processes include planning the scope, collecting requirements, defining the scope, creating the work breakdown structure (WBS), and controlling the scope.
Example: In a software development project, Scope Management ensures that the features to be developed are clearly defined and documented. Any new features requested by stakeholders are evaluated to determine if they fall within the project's scope or if they require a change request.
3. Time Management
Time Management involves the processes required to manage the timely completion of the project. This includes activities like defining the activities, sequencing the activities, estimating activity resources, estimating activity durations, developing the schedule, and controlling the schedule.
Example: For a marketing campaign, Time Management ensures that the various tasks such as designing ads, scheduling social media posts, and coordinating with influencers are all completed on time. Any delays in one task are communicated and adjustments are made to keep the campaign on track.
4. Cost Management
Cost Management involves the processes required to ensure that the project is completed within the approved budget. This includes planning the budget, estimating costs, determining the budget, and controlling costs.
Example: In a film production, Cost Management ensures that the budget for actors, locations, props, and post-production is carefully tracked. Any unexpected expenses are evaluated and decisions are made to either adjust the budget or find alternative solutions to stay within the approved budget.