Control Scope Explained
Control Scope is a critical process in project management that involves monitoring the status of the project scope and managing changes to the scope baseline. This process ensures that any deviations from the planned scope are identified and addressed promptly, maintaining the integrity of the project and preventing scope creep.
Key Concepts
1. Scope Baseline
The Scope Baseline is a reference point against which project performance is measured. It includes the project scope statement, the WBS, and the WBS dictionary. The scope baseline serves as a benchmark for tracking and controlling changes to the project scope.
Example: In a software development project, the scope baseline includes the detailed project scope statement, the WBS that breaks down the project into phases and tasks, and the WBS dictionary that defines each component. Any changes to the software features must be compared against this baseline to ensure they align with the original plan.
2. Change Requests
Change Requests are formal proposals to modify any document, deliverable, or baseline. These requests can originate from various sources, including stakeholders, project team members, or external factors. Managing change requests involves evaluating their impact on the project and deciding whether to approve, reject, or defer them.
Example: During a construction project, a change request might be submitted to add a new feature, such as a rooftop garden. The project manager evaluates this request by assessing its impact on the budget, timeline, and resource allocation. If approved, the change request is documented and integrated into the project plan.
3. Scope Change Control System
The Scope Change Control System is a formal, documented process that describes how potential changes to the project scope will be initiated, evaluated, and managed. This system ensures that all changes are properly documented, approved, and communicated to all stakeholders.
Example: For a marketing campaign, the scope change control system might include a standardized form for submitting change requests, a review process involving the project manager and key stakeholders, and a communication plan to inform all team members of approved changes.
4. Performance Measurement
Performance Measurement involves tracking the project's progress against the scope baseline. This process includes collecting, measuring, and distributing performance information to assess the project's current status and identify any deviations from the planned scope.
Example: In a manufacturing project, performance measurement might involve tracking the production rate of items against the planned output. If the production rate falls below the baseline, the project manager investigates the cause and implements corrective actions to bring the project back on track.
5. Scope Verification
Scope Verification involves formalizing acceptance of the completed project deliverables. This process ensures that the deliverables meet the specified requirements and that the project scope has been completed as defined. Verification is typically performed by the customer or the project sponsor.
Example: For a construction project, scope verification might involve a final inspection of the completed building by the client, architects, and engineers. They will review the work against the project scope statement to ensure that all requirements have been met and that the building is ready for occupancy.