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Math for Grade 4
1 Number Sense and Operations
1-1 Place Value
1-1 1 Understanding place value through millions
1-1 2 Reading and writing numbers in standard, word, and expanded form
1-1 3 Comparing and ordering numbers
1-2 Rounding and Estimating
1-2 1 Rounding numbers to the nearest 10, 100, and 1000
1-2 2 Estimating sums, differences, products, and quotients
1-3 Addition and Subtraction
1-3 1 Adding and subtracting multi-digit numbers
1-3 2 Solving word problems involving addition and subtraction
1-4 Multiplication and Division
1-4 1 Multiplication tables up to 12
1-4 2 Multiplying multi-digit numbers by one-digit numbers
1-4 3 Dividing multi-digit numbers by one-digit numbers
1-4 4 Solving word problems involving multiplication and division
1-5 Factors and Multiples
1-5 1 Identifying factors and multiples of a number
1-5 2 Finding the greatest common factor (GCF)
1-5 3 Finding the least common multiple (LCM)
2 Fractions and Decimals
2-1 Understanding Fractions
2-1 1 Identifying and naming fractions
2-1 2 Comparing and ordering fractions with like and unlike denominators
2-1 3 Equivalent fractions
2-2 Operations with Fractions
2-2 1 Adding and subtracting fractions with like denominators
2-2 2 Solving word problems involving fractions
2-3 Understanding Decimals
2-3 1 Reading and writing decimals to the hundredths place
2-3 2 Comparing and ordering decimals
2-4 Operations with Decimals
2-4 1 Adding and subtracting decimals
2-4 2 Solving word problems involving decimals
3 Geometry and Measurement
3-1 Basic Shapes and Properties
3-1 1 Identifying and classifying 2D shapes (triangles, quadrilaterals, etc )
3-1 2 Identifying and classifying 3D shapes (cubes, pyramids, etc )
3-2 Perimeter and Area
3-2 1 Finding the perimeter of polygons
3-2 2 Finding the area of rectangles and squares
3-3 Lines and Angles
3-3 1 Identifying and measuring angles using a protractor
3-3 2 Classifying angles (acute, obtuse, right, straight)
3-4 Time and Measurement
3-4 1 Telling time to the nearest minute
3-4 2 Solving word problems involving time
3-4 3 Measuring length, weight, and capacity using standard units
4 Data Handling and Probability
4-1 Collecting and Organizing Data
4-1 1 Creating and interpreting bar graphs, line plots, and pictographs
4-1 2 Collecting and organizing data in tables
4-2 Analyzing Data
4-2 1 Finding the mode, median, and range of a set of data
4-2 2 Interpreting data from graphs and tables
4-3 Introduction to Probability
4-3 1 Understanding the concept of probability
4-3 2 Predicting outcomes based on data
5 Problem Solving and Critical Thinking
5-1 Strategies for Problem Solving
5-1 1 Using logical reasoning to solve problems
5-1 2 Applying the four operations to solve multi-step problems
5-2 Patterns and Relationships
5-2 1 Identifying and extending number patterns
5-2 2 Understanding and using simple algebraic expressions
5-3 Critical Thinking and Reasoning
5-3 1 Evaluating and justifying solutions to problems
5-3 2 Making connections between different mathematical concepts
Rounding and Estimating

Rounding and Estimating

Key Concepts

Rounding and estimating are important skills in mathematics that help simplify numbers and make calculations easier. Rounding involves changing a number to the nearest multiple of 10, 100, or 1000, while estimating is about making a reasonable guess based on rounded numbers.

Rounding Numbers

To round a number, follow these steps:

  1. Identify the place value to which you want to round (e.g., nearest ten, hundred, or thousand).
  2. Look at the digit in the place value immediately to the right of your chosen place value.
  3. If this digit is 5 or more, round up the chosen place value by 1. If it is less than 5, keep the chosen place value the same.
  4. Replace all digits to the right of the chosen place value with zeros.

Example: Round 437 to the nearest ten.

Estimating

Estimating involves using rounded numbers to make calculations simpler and quicker. Here’s how to estimate:

  1. Round each number in the calculation to the nearest convenient value.
  2. Perform the calculation with the rounded numbers.

Example: Estimate the sum of 234 and 187.

Examples and Analogies

Think of rounding as grouping items into larger, more manageable bundles. For instance, if you have 437 apples, rounding to the nearest ten means you group them into bundles of ten, making it easier to count as 44 bundles of ten apples each.

Estimating is like making a quick guess based on these bundles. If you need to quickly know how many apples you have, you might estimate based on the rounded number, which is simpler and faster than counting each apple individually.

Practical Application

Rounding and estimating are useful in everyday life. For example, when shopping, you can estimate the total cost of items by rounding their prices to the nearest dollar. This helps you quickly decide if you have enough money without needing a precise calculation.

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