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Math for Grade 4
1 Number Sense and Operations
1-1 Place Value
1-1 1 Understanding place value through millions
1-1 2 Reading and writing numbers in standard, word, and expanded form
1-1 3 Comparing and ordering numbers
1-2 Rounding and Estimating
1-2 1 Rounding numbers to the nearest 10, 100, and 1000
1-2 2 Estimating sums, differences, products, and quotients
1-3 Addition and Subtraction
1-3 1 Adding and subtracting multi-digit numbers
1-3 2 Solving word problems involving addition and subtraction
1-4 Multiplication and Division
1-4 1 Multiplication tables up to 12
1-4 2 Multiplying multi-digit numbers by one-digit numbers
1-4 3 Dividing multi-digit numbers by one-digit numbers
1-4 4 Solving word problems involving multiplication and division
1-5 Factors and Multiples
1-5 1 Identifying factors and multiples of a number
1-5 2 Finding the greatest common factor (GCF)
1-5 3 Finding the least common multiple (LCM)
2 Fractions and Decimals
2-1 Understanding Fractions
2-1 1 Identifying and naming fractions
2-1 2 Comparing and ordering fractions with like and unlike denominators
2-1 3 Equivalent fractions
2-2 Operations with Fractions
2-2 1 Adding and subtracting fractions with like denominators
2-2 2 Solving word problems involving fractions
2-3 Understanding Decimals
2-3 1 Reading and writing decimals to the hundredths place
2-3 2 Comparing and ordering decimals
2-4 Operations with Decimals
2-4 1 Adding and subtracting decimals
2-4 2 Solving word problems involving decimals
3 Geometry and Measurement
3-1 Basic Shapes and Properties
3-1 1 Identifying and classifying 2D shapes (triangles, quadrilaterals, etc )
3-1 2 Identifying and classifying 3D shapes (cubes, pyramids, etc )
3-2 Perimeter and Area
3-2 1 Finding the perimeter of polygons
3-2 2 Finding the area of rectangles and squares
3-3 Lines and Angles
3-3 1 Identifying and measuring angles using a protractor
3-3 2 Classifying angles (acute, obtuse, right, straight)
3-4 Time and Measurement
3-4 1 Telling time to the nearest minute
3-4 2 Solving word problems involving time
3-4 3 Measuring length, weight, and capacity using standard units
4 Data Handling and Probability
4-1 Collecting and Organizing Data
4-1 1 Creating and interpreting bar graphs, line plots, and pictographs
4-1 2 Collecting and organizing data in tables
4-2 Analyzing Data
4-2 1 Finding the mode, median, and range of a set of data
4-2 2 Interpreting data from graphs and tables
4-3 Introduction to Probability
4-3 1 Understanding the concept of probability
4-3 2 Predicting outcomes based on data
5 Problem Solving and Critical Thinking
5-1 Strategies for Problem Solving
5-1 1 Using logical reasoning to solve problems
5-1 2 Applying the four operations to solve multi-step problems
5-2 Patterns and Relationships
5-2 1 Identifying and extending number patterns
5-2 2 Understanding and using simple algebraic expressions
5-3 Critical Thinking and Reasoning
5-3 1 Evaluating and justifying solutions to problems
5-3 2 Making connections between different mathematical concepts
Perimeter and Area

Perimeter and Area

Key Concepts

Perimeter and area are fundamental concepts in geometry that describe different aspects of shapes. Perimeter measures the distance around a shape, while area measures the space inside a shape.

Perimeter

Perimeter is the total length of the boundary of a shape. It is calculated by adding the lengths of all the sides of the shape. For a rectangle, the perimeter is given by the formula:

Perimeter (P) = 2 × (Length + Width)

Example: Find the perimeter of a rectangle with a length of 8 cm and a width of 5 cm.

Step 1: Identify the length and width: Length = 8 cm, Width = 5 cm.

Step 2: Apply the formula: P = 2 × (8 cm + 5 cm) = 2 × 13 cm = 26 cm.

Result: The perimeter of the rectangle is 26 cm.

Area

Area is the amount of space inside a shape. It is measured in square units. For a rectangle, the area is given by the formula:

Area (A) = Length × Width

Example: Find the area of a rectangle with a length of 8 cm and a width of 5 cm.

Step 1: Identify the length and width: Length = 8 cm, Width = 5 cm.

Step 2: Apply the formula: A = 8 cm × 5 cm = 40 cm².

Result: The area of the rectangle is 40 cm².

Examples and Analogies

Think of perimeter as the length of a fence needed to enclose a garden. If you want to surround your garden with a fence, you need to know the total length of the fence, which is the perimeter. Area, on the other hand, is like the amount of grass inside the garden. If you want to know how much grass you need to cover the garden, you need to know the area.

Example: If you have a rectangular garden that is 10 meters long and 6 meters wide, you can calculate both the perimeter and the area.

Perimeter: P = 2 × (10 m + 6 m) = 2 × 16 m = 32 m.

Area: A = 10 m × 6 m = 60 m².

Practical Application

Understanding perimeter and area is essential for everyday tasks such as planning a garden, measuring a room for carpeting, or calculating the amount of paint needed for a wall. These concepts help in making accurate measurements and efficient use of materials.

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