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Math for Grade 4
1 Number Sense and Operations
1-1 Place Value
1-1 1 Understanding place value through millions
1-1 2 Reading and writing numbers in standard, word, and expanded form
1-1 3 Comparing and ordering numbers
1-2 Rounding and Estimating
1-2 1 Rounding numbers to the nearest 10, 100, and 1000
1-2 2 Estimating sums, differences, products, and quotients
1-3 Addition and Subtraction
1-3 1 Adding and subtracting multi-digit numbers
1-3 2 Solving word problems involving addition and subtraction
1-4 Multiplication and Division
1-4 1 Multiplication tables up to 12
1-4 2 Multiplying multi-digit numbers by one-digit numbers
1-4 3 Dividing multi-digit numbers by one-digit numbers
1-4 4 Solving word problems involving multiplication and division
1-5 Factors and Multiples
1-5 1 Identifying factors and multiples of a number
1-5 2 Finding the greatest common factor (GCF)
1-5 3 Finding the least common multiple (LCM)
2 Fractions and Decimals
2-1 Understanding Fractions
2-1 1 Identifying and naming fractions
2-1 2 Comparing and ordering fractions with like and unlike denominators
2-1 3 Equivalent fractions
2-2 Operations with Fractions
2-2 1 Adding and subtracting fractions with like denominators
2-2 2 Solving word problems involving fractions
2-3 Understanding Decimals
2-3 1 Reading and writing decimals to the hundredths place
2-3 2 Comparing and ordering decimals
2-4 Operations with Decimals
2-4 1 Adding and subtracting decimals
2-4 2 Solving word problems involving decimals
3 Geometry and Measurement
3-1 Basic Shapes and Properties
3-1 1 Identifying and classifying 2D shapes (triangles, quadrilaterals, etc )
3-1 2 Identifying and classifying 3D shapes (cubes, pyramids, etc )
3-2 Perimeter and Area
3-2 1 Finding the perimeter of polygons
3-2 2 Finding the area of rectangles and squares
3-3 Lines and Angles
3-3 1 Identifying and measuring angles using a protractor
3-3 2 Classifying angles (acute, obtuse, right, straight)
3-4 Time and Measurement
3-4 1 Telling time to the nearest minute
3-4 2 Solving word problems involving time
3-4 3 Measuring length, weight, and capacity using standard units
4 Data Handling and Probability
4-1 Collecting and Organizing Data
4-1 1 Creating and interpreting bar graphs, line plots, and pictographs
4-1 2 Collecting and organizing data in tables
4-2 Analyzing Data
4-2 1 Finding the mode, median, and range of a set of data
4-2 2 Interpreting data from graphs and tables
4-3 Introduction to Probability
4-3 1 Understanding the concept of probability
4-3 2 Predicting outcomes based on data
5 Problem Solving and Critical Thinking
5-1 Strategies for Problem Solving
5-1 1 Using logical reasoning to solve problems
5-1 2 Applying the four operations to solve multi-step problems
5-2 Patterns and Relationships
5-2 1 Identifying and extending number patterns
5-2 2 Understanding and using simple algebraic expressions
5-3 Critical Thinking and Reasoning
5-3 1 Evaluating and justifying solutions to problems
5-3 2 Making connections between different mathematical concepts
Introduction to Probability

Introduction to Probability

Key Concepts

Probability is the measure of how likely an event is to occur. It is expressed as a number between 0 and 1, where 0 means the event is impossible, and 1 means the event is certain. Key concepts include:

Probability of an Event

The probability of an event is calculated by dividing the number of favorable outcomes by the total number of possible outcomes. For example, if you have a bag with 3 red balls and 2 blue balls, the probability of picking a red ball is 3 out of 5, or 3/5.

Example: If you roll a fair six-sided die, the probability of rolling a 3 is 1 out of 6, or 1/6.

Types of Probability

1. Theoretical Probability: This is calculated based on reasoning and the possible outcomes of an event. For example, the theoretical probability of flipping a coin and getting heads is 1/2.

2. Experimental Probability: This is based on actual trials and observations. For example, if you flip a coin 10 times and get heads 6 times, the experimental probability of getting heads is 6/10.

Example: If you flip a coin 20 times and get heads 12 times, the experimental probability of getting heads is 12/20, or 3/5.

Simple Events

A simple event is an event with only one outcome. For example, rolling a die and getting a 4 is a simple event because there is only one way to get a 4.

Example: If you pick a card from a deck of 52 cards, the probability of picking the ace of spades is 1 out of 52, or 1/52.

Examples and Analogies

Think of probability as guessing which flavor of candy you will get from a jar. If there are 10 candies in the jar and 2 are strawberry, the chance of picking a strawberry candy is 2 out of 10, or 2/10.

Example: If you have a jar with 5 red marbles and 3 blue marbles, the probability of picking a red marble is 5 out of 8, or 5/8.

Practical Application

Understanding probability is essential for making decisions based on likelihood. For example, in games of chance, knowing the probability of certain outcomes can help you make informed choices. In everyday life, probability helps in predicting the weather, understanding the chances of winning a raffle, and making decisions based on data.

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