2 2 Organizational Process Assets
Organizational Process Assets Explained
Organizational Process Assets (OPAs) are the plans, processes, policies, procedures, and knowledge bases specific to and used by the performing organization. These assets are critical for project managers to leverage in order to execute projects effectively and efficiently.
Key Concepts
1. Policies and Procedures
Policies and procedures are formal guidelines established by the organization to ensure consistency and compliance. They cover various aspects of project management, including risk management, quality assurance, and procurement.
Example: A company might have a policy for risk management that requires all projects to conduct a risk assessment at the beginning of the project. This policy ensures that potential risks are identified and mitigated early in the project lifecycle.
2. Templates
Templates are pre-formatted documents that provide a structure for project deliverables. They save time and ensure consistency across projects. Common templates include project charters, risk registers, and status reports.
Example: A project manager might use a project charter template to outline the project's objectives, scope, and stakeholders. This template ensures that all necessary information is included and presented in a standardized format.
3. Historical Information
Historical information includes data and lessons learned from previous projects. This information is invaluable for making informed decisions and avoiding past mistakes. It can include project performance data, risk events, and stakeholder feedback.
Example: If a previous project experienced significant delays due to inadequate resource planning, this historical information can be used to improve resource allocation in future projects.
4. Knowledge Management Systems
Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) are tools and databases that store and organize organizational knowledge. These systems facilitate the sharing of information and best practices across the organization.
Example: A KMS might include a repository of project documents, lessons learned, and best practices. Project managers can access this system to find relevant information and improve their project management practices.
5. Organizational Culture and Structure
The organizational culture and structure influence how projects are managed and executed. Understanding these aspects helps project managers navigate the organizational environment and align their projects with the company's goals and values.
Example: In a highly bureaucratic organization, project managers might need to follow strict approval processes. Understanding this structure helps in planning and managing project timelines effectively.