3-1 3 Cadences Explained

Key Concepts

Understanding 3-1 3 cadences involves grasping three primary types of cadences: Perfect Authentic, Plagal, and Imperfect Authentic. Each type serves a unique purpose in concluding musical phrases and sections.

Perfect Authentic Cadence

A Perfect Authentic Cadence (PAC) is characterized by a progression from the dominant chord (V) to the tonic chord (I). This cadence provides a strong sense of resolution and closure. For example, in the key of C major, a PAC would involve moving from G major (V) to C major (I).

Plagal Cadence

A Plagal Cadence (also known as the "Amen" cadence) moves from the subdominant chord (IV) to the tonic chord (I). This cadence provides a softer, more gentle resolution compared to the Perfect Authentic Cadence. In C major, a Plagal Cadence would involve moving from F major (IV) to C major (I).

Imperfect Authentic Cadence

An Imperfect Authentic Cadence (IAC) is similar to the Perfect Authentic Cadence but does not fully resolve the tension. It involves a progression from the dominant chord (V) to a chord other than the tonic (I). This cadence creates a sense of incompleteness, often leading to further musical development. For example, in C major, an IAC might move from G major (V) to A minor (vi).

Examples and Analogies

Think of a Perfect Authentic Cadence as a definitive "The End" in a story, providing a clear and satisfying conclusion. A Plagal Cadence is like a gentle "Amen" at the end of a prayer, offering a soft and comforting resolution. An Imperfect Authentic Cadence is akin to a cliffhanger in a story, leaving the audience wanting more and anticipating the next chapter.

By mastering these cadences, you can effectively structure your musical phrases and create a sense of closure or continuation, enhancing the overall musical narrative.